Ana´s English classes: SCIENCE UNIT 4: VITAL FUNCTIONS IN ANIMALS & PLANTS

Activity for Sergio and his friends in 4th Grade Primary:

THE NUTRITION FUNCTION IN ANIMALS is how they feed, breathe, distribute and use substances and expel waste.
- Animals feed: They obtain nutrients by eating other living things (plants, animals or both) and drinking water. They DIGEST their food because they have a DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
- Animals breathe. they take oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. They have a RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
- Animals distribute nutrients and oxygen to their bodies. Animals transport substances using their CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.
- Animals expel waste using their EXCRETORY SYSTEM.
Just like humans!!!!!!!

THE NUTRITION FUNCTION IN PLANTS is how they make nutrients, respire, distribute and use substances and expel waste.
Plants make nutrients by absorbing water, mineral salts (through their roots) and carbon dioxide (through their leaves) and carrying out PHOTOSYNTHESIS (changing xylem sap and carbon dioxide into phloem sap)
Plants take oxygen from the air and expel carbon dioxide, just the opposite of humans!!!!!

ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
It is SEXUAL: a male produces spermatozoa and a female produces ova. Animals have a REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM with 3 stages:
- FERTILISATION (an spermatozoa and an ovum join together and make a zygote which becomes an embryo later).
- DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMBRYO ( In OVIPAROUS ANIMALS embryos develop inside an egg. This is the incubation period. In VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS the embryo develops inside its mother. This is thE gestation period).
- BIRTH (In OVIPAROUS ANIMALS they come out of the eggs. This is HATCHING. Some animals like frogs have a transformation called METAMORPHOSIS. In VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS they come out of their mothers. This is called BIRTH or DELIVERY).
Humans are viviparous animals!!!!!!

PLANTS REPRODUCTION
The majority of plants have a SEXUAL reproduction through flowers. A FLOWER has: stamens (the male part), pistil (the female part), the corolla (petals surrounding the stamens ans pistil) and the calyx (green leaves called sepals protecting the flower).

THE STAGES OF REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
- POLLINATION: pollen moves from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another.
- FERTILISATION: the pollen grain and the ovule join together.
- SEED AND FRUIT FORMATION: the ovule forms an embryo, that develops into a SEED. The pistil develops into a FRUIT.
- GERMINATION: In MOIST SOIL seeds germinate, the embryo develops into a new plant.

INTERACTION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
- Animals have sense organs (eyes, ears, taste and smell and touch organs), a nervous system (brain and nerves) and a locomotore system (bones and muscles)
- Plants have no sense organs, no nervous system and no locomotor system but they can REACT to changes in the environment.

Now YOU CAN INTERACT with animals and plants when you finish studying.